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First published in 2001. This is Volume VII of the Foreign Policies
of the Great Powers eleven part series and focuses on on the
policies of France from 1914 to 1945. It includes sections on
French diplomacy of the War 1914 to 18, the Peace Settlement, from
Versailles to the Ruhr and the Dawes Plan, the Franco-Italian
Rapprochement, the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance and
the policies around the beginning of the next War.
First published in 2001. This is Volume VII of the Foreign Policies
of the Great Powers eleven part series and focuses on on the
policies of France from 1914 to 1945. It includes sections on
French diplomacy of the War 1914 to 18, the Peace Settlement, from
Versailles to the Ruhr and the Dawes Plan, the Franco-Italian
Rapprochement, the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance and
the policies around the beginning of the next War.
This comprehensive Handbook focuses on the most used polytomous
item response theory (IRT) models. These models help us understand
the interaction between examinees and test questions where the
questions have various response categories. The book reviews all of
the major models and includes discussions about how and where the
models originated, conceptually and in practical terms. Diverse
perspectives on how these models can best be evaluated are also
provided. Practical applications provide a realistic account of the
issues practitioners face using these models. Disparate elements of
the book are linked through editorial sidebars that connect common
ideas across chapters, compare and reconcile differences in
terminology, and explain variations in mathematical notation. These
sidebars help to demonstrate the commonalities that exist across
the field. By assembling this critical information, the editors
hope to inspire others to use polytomous IRT models in their own
research so they too can achieve the type of improved measurement
that such models can provide.
Part 1 examines the most commonly used polytomous IRT models,
major issues that cut across these models, and a common notation
for calculating functions for each model. An introduction to IRT
software is also provided. Part 2 features distinct approaches to
evaluating the effectiveness of polytomous IRT models in various
measurement contexts. These chapters appraise evaluation procedures
and fit tests and demonstrate how to implement these procedures
using IRT software. The final section features groundbreaking
applications. Here the goal is to provide solutions to technical
problems to allow for the most effective use of these models in
measuring educational, psychological, and social science abilities
and traits. This section also addresses the major issues
encountered when using polytomous IRT models in computerized
adaptive testing. Equating test scores across different testing
contexts is the focus of the last chapter. The various contexts
include personality research, motor performance, health and quality
of life indicators, attitudes, and educational achievement.
Featuring contributions from the leading authorities, this
handbook will appeal to measurement researchers, practitioners, and
students who want to apply polytomous IRT models to their own
research. It will be of particular interest to education and
psychology assessment specialists who develop and use tests and
measures in their work, especially researchers in clinical,
educational, personality, social, and health psychology. This book
also serves as a supplementary text in graduate courses on
educational measurement, psychometrics, or item response
theory.
Due to their unique properties, rubber materials are found in
multiple engineering applications such as tires, engine mounts,
shock absorbers, flexible joints, seals, etc. Nevertheless, the
complex nature of the behavior of such material makes it difficult
to accurately model and predict the performance of these units. The
challenge to correctly reproduce the observed characteristics of
rubber elements necessitates detailed experimental investigations,
development of accurate constitutive models, validation of
techniques to identify material parameters and efficient numerical
methods. Aspects regarding fatigue and damage in elastomers are not
to be left aside, as they influence the durability of the products.
State-of-the-art technology in terms of constitutive modeling,
numerical implementation, damage and fatigue resistance are
strongly represented in these Proceedings, along with insights into
advanced elastomers to be used in novel applications. Topics
included in this volume are: Ageing, Friction and abrasion,
Adhesion, Swelling, Continuum mechanical models and numerical
implementation, Hyperelasticity, Micro-mechanical approaches,
Fracture and fatigue, Mullins effect, Strain induced
crystallization, Thermal effects, Reinforcement and vulcanization,
Design and applications, Smart elastomers. Constitutive Models for
Rubber VIII is of interest not only for undergraduates,
postgraduates, academics and researchers in the discipline, but
also for all those design and development engineers in the
industry.
In the last decade unsupervised pattern discovery in time series,
i.e. the problem of finding recurrent similar subsequences in long
multivariate time series without the need of querying subsequences,
has earned more and more attention in research and industry.
Pattern discovery was already successfully applied to various areas
like seismology, medicine, robotics or music. Until now an
application to automotive time series has not been investigated.
This dissertation fills this desideratum by studying the special
characteristics of vehicle sensor logs and proposing an appropriate
approach for pattern discovery. To prove the benefit of pattern
discovery methods in automotive applications, the algorithm is
applied to construct representative driving cycles.
This revision of a well-known text includes more sophisticated mathematical material. A new section on applications provides an introduction to the modern treatment of calculus of several variables, and the concept of duality receives expanded coverage. Notations have been changed to correspond to more current usage.
Polytomous Item Response Theory Models provides a unified,
comprehensive introduction to the range of polytomous models
available within item response theory (IRT). It begins by outlining
the primary structural distinction between the two major types of
polytomous IRT models. This focuses on the two types of response
probability that are unique to polytomous models and their
associated response functions, which are modeled differently by the
different types of IRT model. It describes, both conceptually and
mathematically, the major specific polytomous models, including the
Nominal Response Model, the Partial Credit Model, the Rating Scale
model, and the Graded Response Model. Important variations, such as
the Generalized Partial Credit Model are also described as are less
common variations, such as the Rating Scale version of the Graded
Response Model. Relationships among the models are also
investigated and the operation of measurement information is
described for each major model. Practical examples of major models
using real data are provided, as is a chapter on choosing an
appropriate model. Figures are used throughout to illustrate
important elements as they are described.
Die rasch wachsende Zahl neuerer Studien zum, Korper' spiegelt die
akute Umformung der Wahrnehmung von, Korper' im Zuge
trivialisierter Genetik, Medizin- und Reproduktionstechnologie,
virtueller Reprasentation in den industrialisierten Landern
einerseits und der wachsenden Bedeutung des, Korpers' in ethnischen
Konflikten, fundamentalistischen Politiken kollektiver Identitat,
in Burgerkrieg, Militarismus und Gewalt gegen Frauen andererseits.
Der Projektbereich KORPER der Internationalen Frauenuniversitat lud
Wissenschaftlerinnen zu einer, Korper-Akademie' ein, um ihren
Ansatz, ihr Vorgehen und ihre Resultate zur Diskussion zu stellen.
Der Band versammelt die besten Aufsatze dieses Gesprachs uber das
zeitgeschichtliche Schicksal des Frauenkorpers von bisher im
Deutschsprachigen nicht zuganglichen Autorinnen. Unsere
Uberzeugung, dass die zeitgeschichtliche Problematik verfehlt wird,
wenn der Frauen-, Korper' als Resultat von Produktions- und
Konstruktionsleistungen behandelt wird, leitet die Suche nach den
somatischen Erfahrungen von Frauen in einer technogenen Welt: Die,
Subjekt-Position', die, Stimme' hat Vorrang."
Translation and communication between cultures can sometimes be a
difficult process. Image-based assessments can offer a way for
large populations to be tested on different subjects without having
to create multiple testing programs. Cross-Cultural Analysis of
Image-Based Assessments: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an
innovative resource that offers insight into the application of
visual assessments across a global and intercultural context.
Highlighting applicable topics which include visual literacy,
psychological assessments, assessment development, and equivalency
measurements, this publication is ideal for psychologists,
therapists, and researchers who would like to stay current on the
most efficient way to test multi-cultural populations in various
fields of knowledge.
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